Punctuated Evolution due to Delayed Carrying Capacity
نویسنده
چکیده
A new delay equation is introduced to describe the punctuated evolution of complex nonlinear systems. A detailed analytical and numerical investigation provides the classification of all possible types of solutions for the dynamics of a population in the four main regimes dominated respectively by: (i) gain and competition, (ii) gain and cooperation, (iii) loss and competition and (iv) loss and cooperation. Our delay equation may exhibit bistability in some parameter range, as well as a rich set of regimes, including monotonic decay to zero, smooth exponential growth, punctuated unlimited growth, punctuated growth or alternation to a stationary level, oscillatory approach to a stationary level, sustainable oscillations, finitetime singularities as well as finite-time death. Pacs: 02.30.Ks, 87.23.Ce, 87.23.Ge, 87.23.Kg, 89.65.Gh
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